Stem cells and artificial organ growing could potentially eliminate the risk of transplant rejection altogether in the future, cure arthritis, and significantly improve health and lifespan. Stem cells are cells that don't have any particular DNA activated to turn them into any particular kind of cell in the body. Stem cells are naturally found in early embryos, bone marrow, and the small intestine. In bone marrow and the intestine, they are the basis for the rapidly replacing red blood cells and villi. Stem cell research in embryos is very controversial because harvesting stem cells results in the death of that embryo. Scientists are attempting to use a patient's stem cells from their intestine, skin, or bone marrow to reprogram into cells identical to that patient's regular organ cells, so that the new organ has identical DNA to the original. This would eliminate almost all transplant rejection. Stem cells are also used to combat degenerative arthritis and brain trauma after strokes. Stem cells and organ growth promise to be an extremely influential field in medicine in coming years and decades as research progresses.
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